RFID

RFID (radio frequency identification) uses electromagnetic fields to identify and track tags attached on objects. This is achieved through two types of tags: passive and active. Active tags have their own power source, whereas passive tags draw power from the RFID reader. Active tags also have more memory and can be tracked several hundred metres away from the reader.

A basic RFID system usually comprises three components: a tag, reader and antenna. An antenna and IC (integrated circuit) are part of the tag structure used to transmit data to the reader, where upon radio-wave-generated data is converted into useable form and transferred to the host system. RFID tagging does not require an unhindered line of sight between the tag and scanner in order to track an object.